The following article has been published in "Illaingnarin Iyakkuvisai-2020 Vision of Kalam" Article 113 pp.455-459 ISBN 978-93-80394-72-5
My Role As a Citizen of Earth
Essay Competition 2014
We are Humans, living on the blue planet, Earth. We all know that Earth is the only planet in our Solar System which sustains life. Our beautiful, Mother Planet also has many wonders, natural sceneries. In our day to day life we humans developed the fields such as Science and Technology, which is useful to us, sometimes harmful to all. Due to the rapid development in these fields, the main hazard came, the Pollution. This pollution gave invitation to its best friend, Global Warming. Global warming is nothing but the gradual increase in the temperature of our blue mother planet. Due to the increase in the temperature, Glaciers and ice caps in the Polar Regions have started melting, causing the raise in sea level. Due to which many people and living beings are suffering. In the same time, ground water level of our Earth is gradually reducing, causing the scarcity of food to all. But the reason for these problems is Humans, we Humans. We think that, Nature is one among us, but the truth is we are one among nature. We are the children of our mother planet and we are responsible to take care of our mother planet. Every living thing on this Earth is responsible to keep our nature Green and Clean. If we do not do so, in future we would not have fresh air to breathe, and have to inhale through Oxygen Cylinders. But it is not too late, take the step now, to reduce the problems on this world. We are the only resources, human resources which has skill, technology, and knowledge to develop other resources. If we could make Global Warming, why can’t we reduce or remove it? As a Role of a good citizen on this world, I am giving awareness about Global Warming, and donate Saplings, and Vegetable Seed Packets. Till Now I have raised awareness among School Children, College Students, Polytechnic Students, and Public People. In total I have raised awareness for more than 200,000 people, and donated more than 50,000 saplings. Awareness giving is the main key to reduce Global Warming. I would first of all give awareness to children, because “Today’s Children are Tomorrow’s Nation’s Pillars”. We are the children who are going to live tomorrow, so we are the children who are responsible to save our Mother Planet, Earth from the state of jeopardy. To live tomorrow, today we have to preserve the important resources, for the living of tomorrow. Today we have to preserve nature and make it Green and Clean to give life for the next generation. Giving Awareness is not the only way to preserve nature, implementing the Awareness and maintaining the same till the task finishes successfully is also another main way to preserve nature. There are millions of ways to preserve nature, but there are infinite ways to pollute. So we have to take the proper decision to save our planet Earth. So now there are many ways to save nature. Giving Awareness, Implementing Awareness, Planting Plants, Preserving Resources, Following the RRRRRR(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Recover, Rethink), and the main point, being one among nature. There is also another important way to reduce this hazardous hazard Global Warming. The way is implementing peace. If peace prevails, no war happens, everyone would become happy, and make nature filled with Peace, Green and Clean and fulfilling the needs of the next generation, the young generation, the bright generation. We too celebrate many important days for our mother planet earth, such as World Earth Day, World Peace Day, and many more days. But in our current situation, all days must be World Earth Day; all days must be World Peace Day to save our mother planet, the Earth. But this is not much possible, so we are the only beings, Human Beings to save our mother planet by using various methods and techniques in our day to day life, for our next generation to live on this world free of pollution, Global Warming and other harmful hazards for nature.
Essay Competition 2014
We are Humans, living on the blue planet, Earth. We all know that Earth is the only planet in our Solar System which sustains life. Our beautiful, Mother Planet also has many wonders, natural sceneries. In our day to day life we humans developed the fields such as Science and Technology, which is useful to us, sometimes harmful to all. Due to the rapid development in these fields, the main hazard came, the Pollution. This pollution gave invitation to its best friend, Global Warming. Global warming is nothing but the gradual increase in the temperature of our blue mother planet. Due to the increase in the temperature, Glaciers and ice caps in the Polar Regions have started melting, causing the raise in sea level. Due to which many people and living beings are suffering. In the same time, ground water level of our Earth is gradually reducing, causing the scarcity of food to all. But the reason for these problems is Humans, we Humans. We think that, Nature is one among us, but the truth is we are one among nature. We are the children of our mother planet and we are responsible to take care of our mother planet. Every living thing on this Earth is responsible to keep our nature Green and Clean. If we do not do so, in future we would not have fresh air to breathe, and have to inhale through Oxygen Cylinders. But it is not too late, take the step now, to reduce the problems on this world. We are the only resources, human resources which has skill, technology, and knowledge to develop other resources. If we could make Global Warming, why can’t we reduce or remove it? As a Role of a good citizen on this world, I am giving awareness about Global Warming, and donate Saplings, and Vegetable Seed Packets. Till Now I have raised awareness among School Children, College Students, Polytechnic Students, and Public People. In total I have raised awareness for more than 200,000 people, and donated more than 50,000 saplings. Awareness giving is the main key to reduce Global Warming. I would first of all give awareness to children, because “Today’s Children are Tomorrow’s Nation’s Pillars”. We are the children who are going to live tomorrow, so we are the children who are responsible to save our Mother Planet, Earth from the state of jeopardy. To live tomorrow, today we have to preserve the important resources, for the living of tomorrow. Today we have to preserve nature and make it Green and Clean to give life for the next generation. Giving Awareness is not the only way to preserve nature, implementing the Awareness and maintaining the same till the task finishes successfully is also another main way to preserve nature. There are millions of ways to preserve nature, but there are infinite ways to pollute. So we have to take the proper decision to save our planet Earth. So now there are many ways to save nature. Giving Awareness, Implementing Awareness, Planting Plants, Preserving Resources, Following the RRRRRR(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Recover, Rethink), and the main point, being one among nature. There is also another important way to reduce this hazardous hazard Global Warming. The way is implementing peace. If peace prevails, no war happens, everyone would become happy, and make nature filled with Peace, Green and Clean and fulfilling the needs of the next generation, the young generation, the bright generation. We too celebrate many important days for our mother planet earth, such as World Earth Day, World Peace Day, and many more days. But in our current situation, all days must be World Earth Day; all days must be World Peace Day to save our mother planet, the Earth. But this is not much possible, so we are the only beings, Human Beings to save our mother planet by using various methods and techniques in our day to day life, for our next generation to live on this world free of pollution, Global Warming and other harmful hazards for nature.
Eco Friendly Indian Traditional Life Style
Yoga Magazine 2014
Introduction
Indian traditional life style is the best example for environmental protection. Not only Indian but also all country’s traditional life style is in such a way to protect natural resources. They led a life which synchronized with nature. Religious preaching, traditions and customs have played a big role in this regard. Indian religions have been the advocates of environmentalism. Certain rituals and religious practices believe the nature is important for leading healthy life. So that they perform rituals related with nature from birth to their death. Through every rituals they convey the messages of environmental protection and conservation. Now a days we face serious eco imbalance and environmental degradation, it is important for us to understand the traditional life style.
Nature as God
In vedic periods they prayed the sun, moon, thunder, lightening, rain, rivers, water and trees as their God and Goddesses for their healthy, wealthy life. By doing poojas to the natural resources they convey the conservation of nature to their next generations. For example they celebrate the function on the full moon day after tamil new year for the rain god Indra. Sun worship is important in vedic days, it is now known as Pongal in Tamilnadu and in other areas they named as Mahara Sankaranthi. They believed that the sun gave all food and energy to them. Now a days we talk about ultimate solar power that is renewable energy resource like water and wind power too.
Trees and herbs
Neem, pipal, banyan, lotus, turmeric, tulsi herbs are very sacred now a days also from those we get many valuable medicines. They played an important role in vedic periods. They preserved them in the name of god. Pipal is known as king of trees. Now a days it was found that the temperature under and papal is comparatively low from the surroundings. So that in olden days they planted papal and neem trees together in the temples and perform poojas in the mornings. The scientific reason for this is they release more oxygen to the surroundings.
In Tamil marriage rituals and culture hindu religion follow the plantation of pipal tree on the day of their marriage. The reason is they start to a new married life, they become a new family, so they need more trees for their family to balance oxygen etc. That is the science behind this ritual. Our ancestors prayed the temple near sacred groves which was in the outskirts of the village or residential place, which is surrounded by many valuable trees and medicinal herbs. To preserve those places only they follow the method of worship those places. So that the society had a fear to demolish that places.
Animals and birds
In order to preserve animals they worship dogs, horses, peacocks, elephants, lion, tiger, bull, ox, cow, snake etc. Which are the servers of the separate gods. The life style of our ancestors is in such a way that they never imbalance eco chain and food chain. So the eco balance was good on those days. They gave punishment to the people who hunt the sacred animals, birds etc. Buddhism and Jainism preaches and teaches about the non killing of animals. The love for animals, trees in total nature was so greatly infused in the minds of traditional people.
Meanings of pooja
For example while performing Ganesha Puja at home, we use 21 flowers, 21 sacred grass etc. The number 21 signifies - the five organs of perception, five organs of action, five vital airs (pranas), five elements, and the mind. We perform the pujas with a clean body and clean mind. Mostly all poojas and rituals are celebrated to recall the incident of destroying devil and maintain goodness everywhere.
What we do
We must follow all the traditional life style not for ritual and belief but for scientific reasons. For example tulsi is the best medicine for cough and cold. Neem is the best medicine for skin problems and to many diseases. Neem cures bacterial and viral diseases also. By performing pooja to neem and tulsi we came to know that the importance of preserving those species. We must preserve our nature and its sources.
Conclusion
Indian traditions, customs and religious beliefs enlighten us about the protection of
environment. They teach us one fundamental principles of ecology. Every living being in this world has its own rights to observe natural resources, but we think all are made only for us. Our ancestors taught us to consider all living beings equal.
Environmentalists have started realizing the significance of culture as a force for conservation and have focused on traditional knowledge systems. Every traditional and cultural teachings are in a positive sense for conservation of the environment and ecology.
Yoga Magazine 2014
Introduction
Indian traditional life style is the best example for environmental protection. Not only Indian but also all country’s traditional life style is in such a way to protect natural resources. They led a life which synchronized with nature. Religious preaching, traditions and customs have played a big role in this regard. Indian religions have been the advocates of environmentalism. Certain rituals and religious practices believe the nature is important for leading healthy life. So that they perform rituals related with nature from birth to their death. Through every rituals they convey the messages of environmental protection and conservation. Now a days we face serious eco imbalance and environmental degradation, it is important for us to understand the traditional life style.
Nature as God
In vedic periods they prayed the sun, moon, thunder, lightening, rain, rivers, water and trees as their God and Goddesses for their healthy, wealthy life. By doing poojas to the natural resources they convey the conservation of nature to their next generations. For example they celebrate the function on the full moon day after tamil new year for the rain god Indra. Sun worship is important in vedic days, it is now known as Pongal in Tamilnadu and in other areas they named as Mahara Sankaranthi. They believed that the sun gave all food and energy to them. Now a days we talk about ultimate solar power that is renewable energy resource like water and wind power too.
Trees and herbs
Neem, pipal, banyan, lotus, turmeric, tulsi herbs are very sacred now a days also from those we get many valuable medicines. They played an important role in vedic periods. They preserved them in the name of god. Pipal is known as king of trees. Now a days it was found that the temperature under and papal is comparatively low from the surroundings. So that in olden days they planted papal and neem trees together in the temples and perform poojas in the mornings. The scientific reason for this is they release more oxygen to the surroundings.
In Tamil marriage rituals and culture hindu religion follow the plantation of pipal tree on the day of their marriage. The reason is they start to a new married life, they become a new family, so they need more trees for their family to balance oxygen etc. That is the science behind this ritual. Our ancestors prayed the temple near sacred groves which was in the outskirts of the village or residential place, which is surrounded by many valuable trees and medicinal herbs. To preserve those places only they follow the method of worship those places. So that the society had a fear to demolish that places.
Animals and birds
In order to preserve animals they worship dogs, horses, peacocks, elephants, lion, tiger, bull, ox, cow, snake etc. Which are the servers of the separate gods. The life style of our ancestors is in such a way that they never imbalance eco chain and food chain. So the eco balance was good on those days. They gave punishment to the people who hunt the sacred animals, birds etc. Buddhism and Jainism preaches and teaches about the non killing of animals. The love for animals, trees in total nature was so greatly infused in the minds of traditional people.
Meanings of pooja
For example while performing Ganesha Puja at home, we use 21 flowers, 21 sacred grass etc. The number 21 signifies - the five organs of perception, five organs of action, five vital airs (pranas), five elements, and the mind. We perform the pujas with a clean body and clean mind. Mostly all poojas and rituals are celebrated to recall the incident of destroying devil and maintain goodness everywhere.
What we do
We must follow all the traditional life style not for ritual and belief but for scientific reasons. For example tulsi is the best medicine for cough and cold. Neem is the best medicine for skin problems and to many diseases. Neem cures bacterial and viral diseases also. By performing pooja to neem and tulsi we came to know that the importance of preserving those species. We must preserve our nature and its sources.
Conclusion
Indian traditions, customs and religious beliefs enlighten us about the protection of
environment. They teach us one fundamental principles of ecology. Every living being in this world has its own rights to observe natural resources, but we think all are made only for us. Our ancestors taught us to consider all living beings equal.
Environmentalists have started realizing the significance of culture as a force for conservation and have focused on traditional knowledge systems. Every traditional and cultural teachings are in a positive sense for conservation of the environment and ecology.
ECO FRIENDLY BACTERIA
School Science Exhibition EGAMS 2014-15
We are all known about Bacteria. Yet some strains of bacteria actually aid in greening our environment. We see some of eco friendly bacteria.
Bacterium Pseudomonas Putida
“Slick Willy,” or Pseudomonas Putida, are gram-negative, flagellated rod-shaped bacterium, commonly found in water and soil where there is oxygen, particularly around the roots of plants, play a role in decomposition. It is (Bioengineered by professor Ananda M. Chakrabarty in 1971) the first patented organism in the world. Pseudomonas is a genus that contains over 40 species of bacteria.
Higher order taxa
Domain(Kingdom) Bacteria
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Gamma proteobacteria
Order Pseudomonadales
Family Pseudomonadaceae
Genus Pseudomonas
Species Pseudomonas putida
Distinguishing Characteristics
1. Gram-negative
2. Long rod shaped
3. Non-spore forming
4. 1 or more flagella (has multiple polar flagella for motility), the flagella have a waveform that
is usually 2 to 3 wavelengths long
5. It grows optimally at 25-30 C and can be easily isolated.
6. Utilizes Aerobic metabolism
7. Mesophilic
8. Chemo heterotrophic
9. Florescent
10.Oxidase-positive
Uses
• Due to the bacteria’s strong appetite for organic pollutants, researchers are attracted to using Pseudomonas putida as the “laboratory ‘workhorse’ for research on bacteria-remediated soil processes”.
• Pseudomonas putida are significant to the environment due to its complex metabolism and ability to control pollution, degrade organic pollutants and organic toxins. It plays a very important role in the decomposition that drives the carbon cycle. It can break down all manner of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons which are hazardous chemicals caused by burning fuel, coal, tobacco, and other organic matter.
• Some of the environmental stresses are caused by benzene, xylene, and toluene, the main components of gasoline and are major sources of water contamination. Pseudomonas putida can degrade the hydrocarbons of these organic solvents through oxidative reactions (aerobic metabolism) therefore placing Pseudomonas Putida as one of the most important microbes in bioremediation.
• It is also used as a soil inoculant to remedy naphthalene contaminated soils, fuel purification and the conversion of styrene into biodegradable plastic. This may be of use in the effective recycling of Polystyrene foam, otherwise thought to be non-biodegradable.
• It is also used in industrial products like paint thinners, adhesives and sealants. It removes oil pollution in ocean water.
• It can protect plants from disease from other microorganisms. Pseudomonas putida has several strains including the KT2440, a strain that colonizes the plant roots in which there is a mutual relationship between the plant and bacteria. The surface of the root, rhizosphere, allows the bacteria to thrive from the root nutrients. In turn, the Pseudomonas putida induces plant growth and protects the plants from pathogens. Because Pseudomonas Putida assist in promoting plant development, researchers use it in bioengineering research to develop biopesticides and to the improve plant health.
• P. putida has been shown to have the ability to break down many organic toxins including Atrazine, the worlds most widely used herbicide, into carbon dioxide and water. Atrazine is toxic to wildlife and is also thought to be a carcinogen. Until recently the only way to rid the environment of Atrazine laced earth was to relocate the poisoned dirt to a landfill. Now scientists are developing a system to inoculate the contaminated ground with high concentrations of P. putida in order to rid it of the toxic chemical. P. putida is so effective that it lessens the half-life of Atrazine (8 years) to just 5 ½ hours.
• P. putida’s upper growth temperature is 35 degrees Celsius. They claim that this means that P. putida cannot live within the human body(37º).
Application to Biotechnology
Pseudomonas putida has the ability to produce Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. Styrene, a major environment toxic pollutant, is released in millions of kilograms a year from industrial sites and is known to cause spinal tract irritation, muscle weakness, and narcosis in humans and other mammals. The conversion to PHA allows the cure of styrene pollution.
Because PHA is beneficial to society, it serves in medical applications such as tissue engineering and also as antibiotics and vitamins. PHA is also very environmental friendly, oil and grease resistant, and has a long shelf life therefore it is also used in everyday items such as plastic utensils and other disposable items. Unlike styrene, PHA can readily break down in soil or water. Commonly used styrofoam, aka polystyrene foam, is transformed into biodegradable plastic through the Pseudomonas putida’s complex metabolism.
Current Research
In another research study, Pseudomonas putida strain RB1500 and strain RB1501 (which were created from Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440) were tested in South Carolina to determine whether light will be produced in the strains in response to trinitrotoluene (TNT), and whether production of light means detection of TNT. The technology will then be used for land mine detection in soils. A concern during the experiment was if Pseudomonas putida will present an ecological hazard; due to the nonpathogenic characteristics of the soil bacteria, however, researchers were assured that it will not cause any hazards to the environment or to the society.
Bacterium Bacillus pasteurii
Sporosarcina pasteurii formerly known as Bacillus pasteurii from older taxonomies, is a bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation or biological cementation. S. pasteurii has been proposed to be used as an ecologically sound biological construction material.
Scientific classification
Domain(Kingdom) Bacteria
Division Firmicutes
Class Bacilli
Order Bacillales
Family Planococcaceae
Genus Sporosarcina
Species Sporosarcina pasteuri, Bacillus pasteurii
Distinguishing Characteristics
1. Gram positive but easily decolorized
2. Motile
3. It has spores. Spores are spherical or slightly oval, sub terminal or terminal, swelling the
Sporangium
4. Isolated from soil, water, sewage and incrustation on urinals.
5. No pathogenicity.
6. Geltin liquefaction
Uses
Repairs the concrete damages
• The efficiency with which bacillus pasteurii manufactures calcium carbonate and glues sand particles together makes sand stones or sand rocks.
• The fundamental ingredients to make concrete are around 75 percent sand and gravel, 15 percent water, and 10 percent cement. The cement, cooked from materials such as limestone and clay, is the chemical glue; the hardening of concrete is not simply due to drying, but involves complex chemical reactions. The physical characteristics of the sand, its size and shape, influence the properties of the concrete, but because of the importance of chemistry, the composition of the sand and the other ingredients is critical. The wrong impurities will ruin the quality of the concrete.
• Concrete is vulnerable to deterioration, corrosion, and cracks, and the consequent damage and loss of strength requires immensely expensive remediation and repair. It is repaired through the process biomineralisation, microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP).
• Around the world, research groups are working and collaborating on different approaches to turning this into reality, but the principle is quite simple. The chemistry of concrete is alkaline, but fortunately, bacillus pasteurii tolerates this - it simply needs nutrition, space to work
• A team led by Henk Jonkers at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands are well on the way to accomplishing this, through actually mixing living bacteria, along with calcium lactate, an organic compound that such bacteria convert to calcium carbonate, into the concrete to begin with. They found that, as the concrete cured, incipient cracks were effectively sealed with calcium carbonate.
Control the extension of deserts by sculpting
The great Sahara desert extends 48km every year. The mixture of Bacterium Bacillus pasteurii and calcium lactate with minerals spread over the sand in the deserts. Due to reaction, the resultant calcium carbonate glues sand particles together make sand stones or sand rocks.
Avoid the earth quake damage
The mixture of urea, calcium and Bacterium Bacillus pasteurii mix with the sand. The bacteria grow and produce calcite deposits. This calcite deposits glues sand particles together make sand stones or sand rocks.
Conclusion
Super bug from Pseudomonas bacteria is an oil eating bug; it cleans the oil deposits in water bodies and preserves the water organisms. It also takes important role in recycling of plastics.
Bacillus pasteurii is used to repair concrete damages, control extension of deserts, avoids earth quake damages.
School Science Exhibition EGAMS 2014-15
We are all known about Bacteria. Yet some strains of bacteria actually aid in greening our environment. We see some of eco friendly bacteria.
Bacterium Pseudomonas Putida
“Slick Willy,” or Pseudomonas Putida, are gram-negative, flagellated rod-shaped bacterium, commonly found in water and soil where there is oxygen, particularly around the roots of plants, play a role in decomposition. It is (Bioengineered by professor Ananda M. Chakrabarty in 1971) the first patented organism in the world. Pseudomonas is a genus that contains over 40 species of bacteria.
Higher order taxa
Domain(Kingdom) Bacteria
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Gamma proteobacteria
Order Pseudomonadales
Family Pseudomonadaceae
Genus Pseudomonas
Species Pseudomonas putida
Distinguishing Characteristics
1. Gram-negative
2. Long rod shaped
3. Non-spore forming
4. 1 or more flagella (has multiple polar flagella for motility), the flagella have a waveform that
is usually 2 to 3 wavelengths long
5. It grows optimally at 25-30 C and can be easily isolated.
6. Utilizes Aerobic metabolism
7. Mesophilic
8. Chemo heterotrophic
9. Florescent
10.Oxidase-positive
Uses
• Due to the bacteria’s strong appetite for organic pollutants, researchers are attracted to using Pseudomonas putida as the “laboratory ‘workhorse’ for research on bacteria-remediated soil processes”.
• Pseudomonas putida are significant to the environment due to its complex metabolism and ability to control pollution, degrade organic pollutants and organic toxins. It plays a very important role in the decomposition that drives the carbon cycle. It can break down all manner of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons which are hazardous chemicals caused by burning fuel, coal, tobacco, and other organic matter.
• Some of the environmental stresses are caused by benzene, xylene, and toluene, the main components of gasoline and are major sources of water contamination. Pseudomonas putida can degrade the hydrocarbons of these organic solvents through oxidative reactions (aerobic metabolism) therefore placing Pseudomonas Putida as one of the most important microbes in bioremediation.
• It is also used as a soil inoculant to remedy naphthalene contaminated soils, fuel purification and the conversion of styrene into biodegradable plastic. This may be of use in the effective recycling of Polystyrene foam, otherwise thought to be non-biodegradable.
• It is also used in industrial products like paint thinners, adhesives and sealants. It removes oil pollution in ocean water.
• It can protect plants from disease from other microorganisms. Pseudomonas putida has several strains including the KT2440, a strain that colonizes the plant roots in which there is a mutual relationship between the plant and bacteria. The surface of the root, rhizosphere, allows the bacteria to thrive from the root nutrients. In turn, the Pseudomonas putida induces plant growth and protects the plants from pathogens. Because Pseudomonas Putida assist in promoting plant development, researchers use it in bioengineering research to develop biopesticides and to the improve plant health.
• P. putida has been shown to have the ability to break down many organic toxins including Atrazine, the worlds most widely used herbicide, into carbon dioxide and water. Atrazine is toxic to wildlife and is also thought to be a carcinogen. Until recently the only way to rid the environment of Atrazine laced earth was to relocate the poisoned dirt to a landfill. Now scientists are developing a system to inoculate the contaminated ground with high concentrations of P. putida in order to rid it of the toxic chemical. P. putida is so effective that it lessens the half-life of Atrazine (8 years) to just 5 ½ hours.
• P. putida’s upper growth temperature is 35 degrees Celsius. They claim that this means that P. putida cannot live within the human body(37º).
Application to Biotechnology
Pseudomonas putida has the ability to produce Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene. Styrene, a major environment toxic pollutant, is released in millions of kilograms a year from industrial sites and is known to cause spinal tract irritation, muscle weakness, and narcosis in humans and other mammals. The conversion to PHA allows the cure of styrene pollution.
Because PHA is beneficial to society, it serves in medical applications such as tissue engineering and also as antibiotics and vitamins. PHA is also very environmental friendly, oil and grease resistant, and has a long shelf life therefore it is also used in everyday items such as plastic utensils and other disposable items. Unlike styrene, PHA can readily break down in soil or water. Commonly used styrofoam, aka polystyrene foam, is transformed into biodegradable plastic through the Pseudomonas putida’s complex metabolism.
Current Research
In another research study, Pseudomonas putida strain RB1500 and strain RB1501 (which were created from Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440) were tested in South Carolina to determine whether light will be produced in the strains in response to trinitrotoluene (TNT), and whether production of light means detection of TNT. The technology will then be used for land mine detection in soils. A concern during the experiment was if Pseudomonas putida will present an ecological hazard; due to the nonpathogenic characteristics of the soil bacteria, however, researchers were assured that it will not cause any hazards to the environment or to the society.
Bacterium Bacillus pasteurii
Sporosarcina pasteurii formerly known as Bacillus pasteurii from older taxonomies, is a bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation or biological cementation. S. pasteurii has been proposed to be used as an ecologically sound biological construction material.
Scientific classification
Domain(Kingdom) Bacteria
Division Firmicutes
Class Bacilli
Order Bacillales
Family Planococcaceae
Genus Sporosarcina
Species Sporosarcina pasteuri, Bacillus pasteurii
Distinguishing Characteristics
1. Gram positive but easily decolorized
2. Motile
3. It has spores. Spores are spherical or slightly oval, sub terminal or terminal, swelling the
Sporangium
4. Isolated from soil, water, sewage and incrustation on urinals.
5. No pathogenicity.
6. Geltin liquefaction
Uses
Repairs the concrete damages
• The efficiency with which bacillus pasteurii manufactures calcium carbonate and glues sand particles together makes sand stones or sand rocks.
• The fundamental ingredients to make concrete are around 75 percent sand and gravel, 15 percent water, and 10 percent cement. The cement, cooked from materials such as limestone and clay, is the chemical glue; the hardening of concrete is not simply due to drying, but involves complex chemical reactions. The physical characteristics of the sand, its size and shape, influence the properties of the concrete, but because of the importance of chemistry, the composition of the sand and the other ingredients is critical. The wrong impurities will ruin the quality of the concrete.
• Concrete is vulnerable to deterioration, corrosion, and cracks, and the consequent damage and loss of strength requires immensely expensive remediation and repair. It is repaired through the process biomineralisation, microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP).
• Around the world, research groups are working and collaborating on different approaches to turning this into reality, but the principle is quite simple. The chemistry of concrete is alkaline, but fortunately, bacillus pasteurii tolerates this - it simply needs nutrition, space to work
• A team led by Henk Jonkers at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands are well on the way to accomplishing this, through actually mixing living bacteria, along with calcium lactate, an organic compound that such bacteria convert to calcium carbonate, into the concrete to begin with. They found that, as the concrete cured, incipient cracks were effectively sealed with calcium carbonate.
Control the extension of deserts by sculpting
The great Sahara desert extends 48km every year. The mixture of Bacterium Bacillus pasteurii and calcium lactate with minerals spread over the sand in the deserts. Due to reaction, the resultant calcium carbonate glues sand particles together make sand stones or sand rocks.
Avoid the earth quake damage
The mixture of urea, calcium and Bacterium Bacillus pasteurii mix with the sand. The bacteria grow and produce calcite deposits. This calcite deposits glues sand particles together make sand stones or sand rocks.
Conclusion
Super bug from Pseudomonas bacteria is an oil eating bug; it cleans the oil deposits in water bodies and preserves the water organisms. It also takes important role in recycling of plastics.
Bacillus pasteurii is used to repair concrete damages, control extension of deserts, avoids earth quake damages.
Sustainable City that I dream
Sustainable means using of natural resources and not to pollute our environment. In our day to day life we have invented and discovered many ideas to sustain green, but we have done many more damages and pollutions than those green ideas. Living sustainable involves a lot of effort. I am designing a sustainable city which does not pollute our earth or disturb our mother nature.
Building buildings in such a way helps to save electricity. During day time we know that sun shines brightly, but in some places lights, air conditioners are used. So that electricity is used in a high rate. I have planned to build the buildings in such a way, so that the light enters the buildings during day time and we can reduce the usage of lights during day time. The buildings near big water bodies automatically open the windows facing towards the water bodies. The cold air form the sea due to sea breeze enters through the windows and filters and keeps the room cool and fresh. The other windows opposite to the windows facing towards water bodies automatically opens and closes at regular intervals to push out air out, to make circulation of air. There are fountains, green gardens with numerous trees flowers and grasses which cool the air and the flowers give pleasant fragrance to the surroundings. The buildings far away from water bodies have to use coolers. CFLs and power savers are used, in order to reduce the amount of electricity to be used. I also planned an important way of recycling water in toilets. So that once the water is flushed out it is sent to the bottom of the building with other connections from other toilets. In the bottom of the building, there is a separator which separates impure water from other solid wastes. The water is purified, and it would be sent to a separate tank to the top of the building. The other solid wastes will be sent to an air tight container. When the limit of the solid wastes increases the supply will be shifted to another container. Bio gas will be produced from these perishable wastes and the building gets enough electricity, cooking gas. The electricity is used for various purposes such as sending it to the coolers etc. Even there are solar panels and windmills at the top of the building to produce electricity. Drinking water, bathing water is taken from the rain when it is raining and from the sea.
Every vehicle in the city uses Bio Methane or Bio Hydrogen or Solar Energy. There are no rights to burn plastic bags in my city, but the people can sell or buy only thermo plastics that can be used again by recycling. There is a limit in keeping the number of plastic bags in a house in my city. Plastic bags that are thrown away are taken by the city cleaners and they will be recycled. I have found a new way of bringing awareness among the people about global warming, climate change, etc., The way is to bring awareness among young children, because today’s children are tomorrow’s nation’s pillars. So that I am giving awareness speech mainly in schools. We know that the population in the world is increasing so that I have planned to have a right that there should be only two children in a house. There is a very important rule in having trees around every house. People are advised to have plants with medicinal value in their houses. There are many hospitals which cure diseases naturally. All factories in the city are advised to have smoke precipitators and air filters on chimneys and minimum amount of trees around it. The chimneys of factories should be tall so that it wouldn’t be unpleasant of the impure air. The carbon particles in the air filters will be taken to the coal bed. Afterwards the carbon changes into its usable form. All traffic signals, street lights run using solar energy.
If every human in the world thinks that it is in his hands to keep the environment clean and green, the community, the world would turn sustainable. It’s a small effort of every human to lead to a big change; changing the world green and clean. Planting plants only does not change or turn the world clean and green; there should be awareness too among every people in the world. Sustainable city and a world make a sustainable future.
Sustainable means using of natural resources and not to pollute our environment. In our day to day life we have invented and discovered many ideas to sustain green, but we have done many more damages and pollutions than those green ideas. Living sustainable involves a lot of effort. I am designing a sustainable city which does not pollute our earth or disturb our mother nature.
Building buildings in such a way helps to save electricity. During day time we know that sun shines brightly, but in some places lights, air conditioners are used. So that electricity is used in a high rate. I have planned to build the buildings in such a way, so that the light enters the buildings during day time and we can reduce the usage of lights during day time. The buildings near big water bodies automatically open the windows facing towards the water bodies. The cold air form the sea due to sea breeze enters through the windows and filters and keeps the room cool and fresh. The other windows opposite to the windows facing towards water bodies automatically opens and closes at regular intervals to push out air out, to make circulation of air. There are fountains, green gardens with numerous trees flowers and grasses which cool the air and the flowers give pleasant fragrance to the surroundings. The buildings far away from water bodies have to use coolers. CFLs and power savers are used, in order to reduce the amount of electricity to be used. I also planned an important way of recycling water in toilets. So that once the water is flushed out it is sent to the bottom of the building with other connections from other toilets. In the bottom of the building, there is a separator which separates impure water from other solid wastes. The water is purified, and it would be sent to a separate tank to the top of the building. The other solid wastes will be sent to an air tight container. When the limit of the solid wastes increases the supply will be shifted to another container. Bio gas will be produced from these perishable wastes and the building gets enough electricity, cooking gas. The electricity is used for various purposes such as sending it to the coolers etc. Even there are solar panels and windmills at the top of the building to produce electricity. Drinking water, bathing water is taken from the rain when it is raining and from the sea.
Every vehicle in the city uses Bio Methane or Bio Hydrogen or Solar Energy. There are no rights to burn plastic bags in my city, but the people can sell or buy only thermo plastics that can be used again by recycling. There is a limit in keeping the number of plastic bags in a house in my city. Plastic bags that are thrown away are taken by the city cleaners and they will be recycled. I have found a new way of bringing awareness among the people about global warming, climate change, etc., The way is to bring awareness among young children, because today’s children are tomorrow’s nation’s pillars. So that I am giving awareness speech mainly in schools. We know that the population in the world is increasing so that I have planned to have a right that there should be only two children in a house. There is a very important rule in having trees around every house. People are advised to have plants with medicinal value in their houses. There are many hospitals which cure diseases naturally. All factories in the city are advised to have smoke precipitators and air filters on chimneys and minimum amount of trees around it. The chimneys of factories should be tall so that it wouldn’t be unpleasant of the impure air. The carbon particles in the air filters will be taken to the coal bed. Afterwards the carbon changes into its usable form. All traffic signals, street lights run using solar energy.
If every human in the world thinks that it is in his hands to keep the environment clean and green, the community, the world would turn sustainable. It’s a small effort of every human to lead to a big change; changing the world green and clean. Planting plants only does not change or turn the world clean and green; there should be awareness too among every people in the world. Sustainable city and a world make a sustainable future.